Abstract— Blends of vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) have attracted significant interest for their potential applications in electrochemical devices, sensors, batteries, and optical coatings. V₂O₅, a transition metal oxide with semiconducting and catalytic properties, enhances the thermal stability, conductivity, and mechanical strength of PVA, a flexible, water-soluble polymer. The structural and morphological characteristics of these composites are often analysed using FTIR spectroscopy. The blend exhibits strong UV-visible absorption, making it suitable for photodetectors and optical coatings. V₂O₅ doping improves PVA’s electrical conductivity, enabling applications in electrochemical energy storage, including lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and solid-state electrolytes. Additionally, PVA-V₂O₅composites contribute to electrochromic devices for smart displays and windows, leveraging V₂O₅’s ability to undergo color changes under applied voltage. This study highlights the multifunctionality of PVA-V₂O₅composites and their potential for next-generation energy and sensing technologies.

Keywords-Electrochemical devices, sensor, optical, composite, electrochromic devices.