Abstract: Mob lynching, a collective violence form, has become a significant social and legal problem in India. This paper scrutinizes the legal responses to mob lynching, assessing their effectiveness and identifying the challenges faced during implementation. Additionally, it offers recommendations for enhancing legal and social interventions to better address and mitigate the issue.Mob lynching, and extrajudicial killings by groups intending to punish alleged offenders, is rising alarmingly in India, driven by communal tensions, rumors, and deep-seated prejudices. Despite existing legal frameworks, the effectiveness of laws and the justice system in curbing this violence is questionable. India's response includes sections of the Indian Penal Code addressing murder, rioting, and promoting enmity, along with Supreme Court guidelines for prevention and victim compensation. However, prosecution and conviction rates are low due to delays, lack of evidence, and witness tampering. Implementation of guidelines and state-specific laws varies significantly. Challenges include societal prejudices, lack of witness protection, judicial delays, and inadequate police training. Recommendations for improvement involve enacting a comprehensive anti-lynching law, uniform guideline implementation, strong witness protection, fast-track courts, public awareness campaigns, and specialized police training. Strengthening these areas is crucial to combating mob lynching and ensuring justice for victims in India.

Keywords: Mob lynching, Collective violence, Legal responses, Effectiveness, Implementation challenges, social interventions.