Abstract: The Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) is India’s flagship health insurance scheme aimed at providing financial protection to economically vulnerable populations. This study examines the impact of the scheme on beneficiaries in Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, focusing on access to healthcare, financial relief and health outcomes. Through a mixed methods approach combining surveys and interviews, this paper highlights both the benefits and challenges faced by beneficiaries. Findings indicate improved healthcare access but also reveal gaps in awareness and hospital participation. Policy recommendations are proposed to enhance the scheme’s effectiveness.