Abstract: This paper presents findings from a primary field survey on rural sanitation conducted in four villages as part of the Swachh Bharat Mission–Gramin (SBM-G) initiative. The survey included 120 respondents (30 per village) and focused on the construction, usage, benefits, and challenges associated with Individual Household Latrines (IHHL). The study reveals that while infrastructure development under SBM-G has improved access to sanitation, persistent challenges such as water scarcity, cultural resistance, and poor maintenance continue to impact sustained toilet use. The research highlights key perceived benefits, especially for women, and offers policy recommendations to enhance future sanitation interventions.