Abstract: The banana tree (Musa spp.), commonly known for its fruit, is a chemically rich plant with diverse applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry. This paper explores the banana tree’s constituents—including the fruit, peel, pseudo stem, leaf, and root—from a chemical perspective. Each part contains valuable organic compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, cellulose, lignin, starch, and various bioactive phytochemicals. By understanding these chemical properties, we can better utilize the banana tree for bioplastics, textiles, natural dyes, biofertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and waste management. This study highlights the potential for sustainable and value-added applications rooted in the tree's biochemistry.