Abstract:This research paper explores the dichotomy between romantic idealism and realism in leadership, using George Bernard Shaw's play Arms and the Man as a case study. The analysis focuses on how Shaw critiques idealistic leadership through the contrast between characters like Sergius Saranoff and Captain Bluntschli, and how this critique informs modern management theory. The paper argues that Shaw promotes a model of leadership grounded in pragmatism, competence, and emotional intelligence over theatrical heroism. It also explores the contrasting leadership philosophies of romantic idealism and pragmatic realism as depicted in George Bernard Shaw's play Arms and the Man. Through a management studies lens, it evaluates the implications of these approaches on leadership effectiveness. The paper draws parallels between the play's characters and modern leadership theories, concluding that balanced realism leads to more sustainable and efficient leadership.