Introduction: In the rapidly evolving global business environment, organizations are increasingly engaging in complex and capital-intensive projects to maintain competitiveness and achieve sustainable growth. The success or failure of such projects largely depends on the effectiveness of project analysis, which systematically evaluates investment opportunities in terms of feasibility, profitability, and risk. At the heart of this analytical process lies business finance, which provides the theoretical foundation and practical tools necessary for sound decision-making (Boubaker et al., 2022; Chen et al., 2023).