Introduction: Infant mortality is widely recognized as a crucial indicator of the health status and socio-economic development of a region. It reflects not only the effectiveness of healthcare systems but also the broader living conditions, including nutrition, sanitation, education, and access to essential services. In rural India, disparities in infant mortality are particularly evident among marginalized communities such as Scheduled Castes (SCs), who continue to face structural inequalities and socio-economic disadvantages.

Scheduled Castes constitute a significant segment of the rural population in many parts of Chhattisgarh. Historically subjected to social exclusion and economic deprivation, these communities often experience limited access to resources, including healthcare, education, and employment opportunities. As a result, their health outcomes, especially those related to maternal and child health, remain a matter of concern.

The present chapter examines infant mortality among Scheduled Castes in selected villages—Khapri, Karhi, Bhathra, Achanakpur, Aurabandha, Khudia, Paraswara, Chandrapur, Tenduabhata, Ghutku, Khairwarpara, and Dhanwarkala. These villages represent diverse socio-economic and geographical conditions, providing a comprehensive understanding of the issue.

The chapter aims to analyze the patterns, causes, and determinants of infant mortality among SC populations while also exploring the role of socio-economic and environmental factors. It further seeks to highlight the disparities between villages and identify areas requiring policy intervention.