Abstract: Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. (Indian Rosewood), a prominent member of the Fabaceae family, has long been recognized in traditional medicinal systems for its diverse therapeutic potential. The present study critically examines the medicinal applications of the bark and leaf of D. sissoo through an integrative evaluation of its phytochemical composition and experimentally validated pharmacological activities. Particular emphasis is placed on bioactive constituents such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and neoflavonoids, which are considered fundamental to its biological efficacy.

    Experimental evidence indicates that ethanolic bark extracts exhibit significant dose-dependent antinociceptive activity, along with marked antioxidant potential demonstrated through in vitro assays, including DPPH radical scavenging and metal ion chelation. In parallel, leaf extracts have been associated with pronounced anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects, suggesting their relevance in the management of chronic inflammatory conditions. Mechanistically, these effects are closely linked to oxidative stress modulation and nitric oxide inhibition pathways.

    By synthesizing traditional knowledge with contemporary experimental findings, the study establishes a coherent pharmacological framework for D. sissoo, thereby underscoring its significance as a potential source of safe and plant-based therapeutic agents in modern medicine [1]–[5].

Keywords: Dalbergia sissoo, Bark extract, Leaf extract, Antioxidant activity, Antinociceptive effect, Phytochemicals, Oxidative stress.